Responding to Climate Change
Discussion section for APS111 - Engineering Strategies and Practices, 2009
Seminar leader:
Jim Prall
Systems Programmer,
The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Toronto
Office: GB254-D
|
Note: I was interviewed for CBC Radio's The Current for an upcoming
show about James Hoggan's book Climate Cover-Up. Listen to The Current
on CBC Radio 1 (99.1 FM in Toronto) this Thursday, Nov. 19 between 8:30 and
9 am, and see if you catch a clip of me (it will be short, but hey.) You
can also catch the show after it airs by visiting their website:
The Current where they post an
audio podcast of each show.
|
Below are the required readings for the Engineering Strategies and Practices
2009 seminar series "Responding to Climate Change," along with links to
additional resources for further reading. I've listed some keywords for each
session. You should be familiar with the definition and use of these terms.
try to get familiar with them before that week's seminar; any you can't
get at first, try to come to grips with during our discussion.
Articles are all links to online media - please read online without printing if possible to save trees.
Where needed, I've linked articles via the "my.access" service of the UofT libraries.
You just need to log in once with your UTORid and password - the same one you
use for UTORmail - and your browser should then have access to the other links as
well for the rest of that session.
Climate scientists speak on campus:
UofT's physics department Centre for Global Change Studies hosts a
speakers series through the school year. Upcoming events:
Nov. 24, 2009 3:30pm BA1170 Jorge Sarmiento, Princeton U.: 'An update on the global carbon cycle'
|
A note on using Google Scholar.
Week 1 - Scope of the problem (completed)
Week 2 - List of 10 geoengineering proposals (completed)
Week 3: Can we "engineer" planet earth? Should we try?
This session addresses some of the many potential pitfalls or drawbacks
of even trying to engineer the climate of an entire planet. We will
discuss the article by Alan Robock "Twenty reasons why geoengineering might
be a bad idea." Everyone please read the full article to prepare for
group discussions next week:
Robock Article PDF
Students who are to present in week 3 each selected two of these 20 reasons
to cover in their short talk (3 to 5 minutes.) Here is a list of the selections:
- Bilal: #1: regional effects, and #4: effects on plants
- Parth: #2: ocean acidification, and #7: whitening of the sky
- Joshua: #8: Less sun for solar power, and #19: questions of moral authority
- Shuang: #9: Env. impacts of implementation, and #20: unexpected consequences
- Swapneel: #15: commercial control of technology, and #16: military use of technology
You'll need to outline your key points and be brief, with only about two minutes on each of the two reasons you chose. Some of these were mentioned in the
presentations this week. This is a chance to expand on what we've heard
mentioned briefly so far.
We'll finish off with a more open group discussion of all the points in Robock's paper.
Questions to consider:
- What kinds of risks are there with each type of proposal?
- Are the risks well-constrained/bounded, or more open-ended?
- Can we adopt these and still "do no harm"?
- Are the schemes controllable once started? Reversible? Readily measurable?
[web report of 2004 climate engineering conference]
web intro. Some suggested schemes:
- Enhancing CO2 uptake by ocean phytoplankton by adding a key nutrient, iron
- Millions of reflective balloons in the stratosphere
- space mirrors
- glaciation control
[1 page - overview] Time magazine website "What's Next 2008: Geoengineering"
article
[3 pages - good overview] Mileham, R. "Biting the Bullet: is geoengineering capable of saving our planet from global warming?" Engineering & Technology, vol.2, no.8, pp.28-31, Aug. 2007
Mileham, R. full text & PDF on ieeexplore site
Mileham introduces several ideas for geo-engineering to counter the enhanced greenhouse effect:
Advanced readings
These papers are longer and more technical treatments of some approach to geoengineering. NOBODY IS REQUIRED TO READ ANY OF THESE! You have plenty of homework already as engineering frosh. So don't knock yourself out.
If you see something that really grabs your interest, you might select one article or idea from these or from "further resources" below, as the basis for your class presentation:
-
The journal Climatic Change v.77 issue 3-4 is devoted to coverage of these sorts of geoengineering proposals:
link to issue index on Scholars Portal
-
[17 pages, technical] Zhou & Flynn, 2005. "Geoengineering downwelling ocean currents: a cost assessment"
Climatic Change 2005, v.77 issue 1-2, p. 203-220
PDF
-
[PDF, 6 pages, technical] Crutzen, P, et al. 2008
"N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels"
Crutzen,P, et al. full text PDF, open access
Google Scholar search on author:"crutzen,p"
- [5 pages - hard] Rasch, P, et al. 2008
"Exploring the geoengineering of climate using stratospheric sulfate aerosols: he role of particle size"
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L02809, doi:10.1029/2007GL032179, 2008
Rasch, P. et al. full text
Further resources
If you have time to read more, and are suitably curious, alarmed, skeptical,
or energized to action by the required readings, here are several of my
favourite sources for background, news, discussion and debate on climate
science and policy. You may pick out a topic related to our discussion
from any of these sites to propose as your presentation topic. Bring a
brief note of the topic of interest with you to the first seminar.
-
IPCC The official website of the
International Panel on Climate Change, including full text of all four
Assessment Reports and supporting documentation, and background on the process
behind the reports. A massive amount of information. It's been called
"the largest exercise in peer review in history."
-
Nature Reports Climate Change
online journal, open access, with news and commentary by scientists involved
in this field. Timely.
-
The Discovery of Global Warming
by Spencer Weart.
This extensive site is a companion to his excellent book of the same
name (available in the UofT Library system). A history of the scienctific
understanding of the greenhouse effect, how humans are altering the carbon
cycle, and projecting what impacts this will have.
-
Climate Progress - blog by Joe Romm,
former director of the U.S. Dept. of Energy office on renewable energy technology
-
monbiot.com U.K. columnist George Monbiot,
author of Heat: His weekly column covers many subjects but frequently takes on
climate chage from a strongly activist position.
-
RealClimate - an in-depth blog/discussion
board hosted by ten professional climatologists. Beware: discussion threads
can expand without limit, and fresh topics keep arriving, so don't expect
to "finish" reading this site in one lifetime.
-
DeSmogBlog is a news and commentary
site addressing the role of the P.R. ("spin") industry in campaigns to cover
up or delay action on climate change.
-
PR Watch is another site devoted to
unmasking the workings of the P.R. industry in bending public opinion,
often diametrically opposed to what science is showing. Covers environmental
and health issues, including climate change and toxic pollution, election
fraud and campaign rhetoric, etc.